Plot convex polygons

A collection of functions for plotting polygonal shapes.

Usage

square(x, y, d = 0.9, ...)

rectangle(x, y, d = 0.9, dx = d, dy = d, ...)

rounded_square(x, y, d = 0.9, r = 0.2, n = 10, ...)

rounded_rectangle(
  x,
  y,
  d = 0.9,
  dx = d,
  dy = d,
  r = 0.2,
  rx = r,
  ry = r,
  n = 10,
  ...
)

circle(x, y, d = 0.9, n = 1000, ...)

ellipse(x, y, d = 0.9, dx = d, dy = d, n = 1000, ...)

rcpoly(x, y, n, d = 0.9, rotate = 0, ...)

shapes(x, y, n, d = 0.9, dx = d, dy = d, rotate = 0, ...)

Arguments

x, y: coordinates
d: **optional** diameter, see details
...: **optional** graphical parameters `col`, `border`, `lty` and `lwd` passed to [graphics::polygon()] or [graphics::rect()]
dx, dy: **optional** diameter in either coordinate direction
r, rx, ry: **optional** for rounded corner, the proportion of side marking the start of rounded corner.
n: the number of vertices of polygon, with the minimum of three (triangle). Large `n`, such as `n=1000` approximate circle. The vertices start at the 12 o'clock position and are placed clockwise in a regular intervals. For `rounded_square` and `rounded_rectangle`, the number of vertices that approximate the circular shape of the rounded corners. Small `n`, such as `n=10` should have sufficient smoothness for most applications.
rotate: **optional** clockwise rotation in degrees (0-360°), not available for `square` and `rectangle`

Value

No return value, called for side effects

Details

Polygons are drawn centered on the `x` and `y` coordinates, with a diameter `d` (or `dx` and `dy`). Typically, different shapes are obtained through a parametrization of the `shapes()` function, which draws a convex polygon using the [graphics::polygon()], with the exception of `square()` and `rectangle()` function, which use the [graphics::rect()] function instead, behave slightly differently, and should be slightly faster, and the `rounded_square()` and `rounded_rectangle()`, which use `round_rect()` function.

The diameter parameter `d` is interpreted differently depending for `square()` and `rectangle()` and for other polygonal functions build on the `shapes()` function (`circle()`, `ellipse()` and `rcpoly()`). For the `square()` and `rectangle()`, the diameter is the size of the square, `d=1` thus fills the whole 1x1 tile. For `shapes()` function, `d` is the diameter of the inscribed circle to the square of size `d`. This is more convenient solution to prevent accidental overplotting when individual shapes are plotted next to each other in regular intervals, the distance between such points would be equal to the diameter in both cases. See examples.

All shapes function accept the graphical parameters `col`, `border`, `lty` and `lwd`, which are passed to the [graphics::polygon()] and [graphics::rect()]. Apart of a different default values, they behave in the same way.

All parameters are vectorized and will recycle as required, with the typical warning if parameters are not multiply of each other. This can be used to create pleasant geometric images. See examples.

Functions

square(): draw squares
rectangle(): draw rectangles
rounded_square(): draw squares with rounded corners
rounded_rectangle(): draw rectangles with rounded corners
circle(): draw circles
ellipse(): draw ellipses
rcpoly(): draw regular convex polygons
shapes(): draw convex polygons

Examples

plot(0, 0) # create plotting window

# Following calls are equivalent
square(0, 0, 1)
rectangle(0, 0, 1)
rectangle(0, 0, dx=1, dy=1)

# Not equivalent to `square`
rcpoly(0, 0, 4, d=1)

# Same output as `square`, but not equivalent
rcpoly(0, 0, 4, d=sqrt(2), rotate=45)


# Vectorizing parameters
plot(0, 0)
rotate = seq(0, 18, by=30)
d = seq(1, by=-0.1, length.out = length(rotate))
rcpoly(0,0,3, border="red", lwd=3, rotate=rotate, d=d)